Sl.No. | Feature | Value | Area |
1 | Consonant Inventories | Large ((37) | Phonology |
2 | Vowel Quality Inventories | Large (9) | Phonology |
3 | Consonant-Vowel Ratio | Average (4.1) | Phonology |
4 | Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives | Voicing contrast in both plosives (p, t, k; b, d, g,) and fricative (s, z) | Phonology |
5 | Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems | None missing in /p t k b d g/ | Phonology |
6 | Uvular Consonants | None | Phonology |
7 | Glottalized Consonants | None | Phonology |
8 | Lateral Consonants | /l/, no obstruent laterals | Phonology |
9 | Vowel Nasalization | Contrastive nasal vowels present | Phonology |
10 | Velar Nasal | Velar nasal, also initially /ŋʲet/ 'spinach' | Phonology |
11 | Front Rounded Vowels | None | Phonology |
12 | Tone | Simple tone system | Phonology |
13 | Common Consonants | All present: bilabial, fricative,nasal | Phonology |
14 | Presence of Uncommon Consonants | None | Phonology |
15 | Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives | Tonal/concatenative | Morphology |
16 | Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology | Strongly suffixing | Morphology |
17 | Case Syncretism | Non-core: Inst-Loc /-la/ , Abl-Loc /-na/ | Morphology |
18 | Number of Genders | No grammatical gender | Nominal Categories |
19 | Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems | No gender | Nominal Categories |
20 | Coding of Nominal Plurality | Plural suffix | Nominal Categories |
21 | Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns | Person-number stem | Nominal Categories |
22 | Definite Articles | No definite or indefinite article | Nominal Categories |
23 | Indefinite Articles | No indefinite article | Nominal Categories |
24 | Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns | Inclusive/exclusive | Nominal Categories |
25 | Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives | Two-way contrast: proximate- remote | Nominal Categories |
26 | Number of Cases | 7 cases: Erg /-gi/, Acc-Dat /-la/, Gen /-ki/, Abl /-na/, Inst /-kʰurdʒe, -la/, Loc /-taŋru, -la, -ru,-na/, Soc- nagi | Nominal Categories |
27 | Position of Case Affixes | Case suffixes | Nominal Categories |
28 | Ordinal Numerals | First, two-th, three-th | Nominal Categories |
29 | Perfective/Imperfective Aspect | Grammatical marking | Verbal Categories |
30 | Past Tense | No past tense | Verbal Categories |
31 | Future Tense | No inflectional future | Verbal Categories |
32 | Perfect | From 'finish', 'already' /-in, soŋ/ affixes | Verbal Categories |
33 | Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes | No grammatical tense | Verbal Categories |
34 | Coding of Nominal Plurality | Plural suffix | Verbal Categories |
35 | Coding of Evidentiality | Verbal affix or clitic | Verbal Categories |
36 | Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality | Both direct and indirect evidentials | Verbal Categories |
37 | Order of Subject, Object and Verb | SOV /pɔmu gi hɔma tʰuŋ-sɔŋ/ 'The girl drank the curd.' | Word Order |
38 | Order of Subject and Verb | SV /pɔmu go-sɔŋ/ 'The girl laughed.' | Word Order |
39 | Order of Object and Verb | OV | Word Order |
40 | Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase | Postpositions | Word Order |
41 | Order of Genitive and Noun | Genitive-Noun | Word Order |
42 | Order of Adjective and Noun | Noun-Adjective | Word Order |
43 | Order of Demonstrative and Noun | Demonstrative-Noun | Word Order |
44 | Order of Numeral and Noun | Noun-Numeral | Word Order |
45 | Order of Degree Word and Adjective | Degree word-Adjective | Word Order |
46 | Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun | OV and Nadj | Word Order |
47 | Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions | Not initial interrogative phrase | Word Order |
48 | Negative Morphemes | Negative particle /-ma/ | Simple Clauses |
49 | Numeral Bases | Decimal | Lexicon |