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SPITI

Spiti (ISO Code - spt) is an Indic language of the Sino-Tibetan language family. It is spoken in Himachal Pradesh state in North India.

Source/ Investigator(s): Ayesha Kidwai
 
Sl.No.FeatureValueArea
1Consonant InventoriesLarge ((37) Phonology
2Vowel Quality InventoriesLarge (9)Phonology
3Consonant-Vowel RatioAverage (4.1)Phonology
4Voicing in Plosives and FricativesVoicing contrast in both plosives (p, t, k; b, d, g,) and fricative (s, z) Phonology
5Voicing and Gaps in Plosive SystemsNone missing in /p t k b d g/ Phonology
6Uvular Consonants NonePhonology
7Glottalized ConsonantsNonePhonology
8Lateral Consonants/l/, no obstruent laterals Phonology
9Vowel Nasalization Contrastive nasal vowels present Phonology
10Velar NasalVelar nasal, also initially /ŋʲet/ 'spinach'Phonology
11Front Rounded Vowels NonePhonology
12ToneSimple tone system Phonology
13Common ConsonantsAll present: bilabial, fricative,nasalPhonology
14Presence of Uncommon ConsonantsNonePhonology
15Fusion of Selected Inflectional FormativesTonal/concatenativeMorphology
16Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology Strongly suffixingMorphology
17Case Syncretism Non-core: Inst-Loc /-la/ , Abl-Loc /-na/ Morphology
18Number of GendersNo grammatical genderNominal Categories
19Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender SystemsNo genderNominal Categories
20Coding of Nominal PluralityPlural suffixNominal Categories
21Plurality in Independent Personal PronounsPerson-number stemNominal Categories
22Definite Articles No definite or indefinite articleNominal Categories
23Indefinite Articles No indefinite articleNominal Categories
24Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent PronounsInclusive/exclusiveNominal Categories
25Distance Contrasts in DemonstrativesTwo-way contrast: proximate- remoteNominal Categories
26Number of Cases7 cases: Erg /-gi/, Acc-Dat /-la/, Gen /-ki/, Abl /-na/, Inst /-kʰurdʒe, -la/, Loc /-taŋru, -la, -ru,-na/, Soc- nagi Nominal Categories
27Position of Case AffixesCase suffixesNominal Categories
28Ordinal NumeralsFirst, two-th, three-th Nominal Categories
29Perfective/Imperfective AspectGrammatical markingVerbal Categories
30 Past Tense No past tenseVerbal Categories
31Future TenseNo inflectional future Verbal Categories
32 PerfectFrom 'finish', 'already' /-in, soŋ/ affixesVerbal Categories
33Position of Tense-Aspect AffixesNo grammatical tense Verbal Categories
34Coding of Nominal PluralityPlural suffixVerbal Categories
35Coding of EvidentialityVerbal affix or clitic Verbal Categories
36Semantic Distinctions of EvidentialityBoth direct and indirect evidentials Verbal Categories
37Order of Subject, Object and VerbSOV /pɔmu gi hɔma tʰuŋ-sɔŋ/ 'The girl drank the curd.'Word Order
38Order of Subject and VerbSV /pɔmu go-sɔŋ/ 'The girl laughed.'Word Order
39Order of Object and VerbOVWord Order
40Order of Adposition and Noun PhrasePostpositions Word Order
41Order of Genitive and NounGenitive-NounWord Order
42Order of Adjective and NounNoun-AdjectiveWord Order
43Order of Demonstrative and NounDemonstrative-NounWord Order
44Order of Numeral and NounNoun-NumeralWord Order
45Order of Degree Word and AdjectiveDegree word-Adjective Word Order
46Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and NounOV and NadjWord Order
47Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content QuestionsNot initial interrogative phraseWord Order
48 Negative Morphemes Negative particle /-ma/Simple Clauses
49Numeral BasesDecimalLexicon

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