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GOJAPURI

Gojapuri is an Indic language of the Indo-European language family. It is spoken in Jammu & Kashmir state in North India.

Source/ Investigator(s): Nazir Ahmad Dhar, Shahnawaz Bhat, Syed Raiya, Syed Iram
 
Sl.No.FeatureValueArea
1Consonant InventoriesLarge : 33Phonology
2Vowel Quality InventoriesLarge : 9Phonology
3Consonant-Vowel RatioAverage : 3.66Phonology
4Voicing and Gaps in Plosive SystemsNone missing in /p t k b d g/Phonology
5Uvular Consonants NonePhonology
6Lateral Consonants/l/, no obstruent laterals Phonology
7Velar NasalVelar nasal, non initially: /əŋuʈʰɑ/ ‘thumb’ /ʈɑŋ/ ‘leɡ’ Phonology
8Vowel Nasalization Contrastive nasal vowels present : ɑ̃, ũ, ɛ̃, ĩ, ə̃. Phonology
9Front Rounded Vowels nonePhonology
10Syllable structureModerately complex syllable structure: V, VC, CV, CVC, CCVC, CVCCPhonology
11ToneAbsentPhonology
12Common ConsonantsAll present Phonology
13Presence of Uncommon ConsonantsAbsentPhonology
14Fusion of Selected Inflectional FormativesExclusively concatenativeMorphology
15Locus of Marking: Whole-language TypologyInconsistent or otherMorphology
16Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology Strongly suffixingMorphology
17ReduplicationFull reduplication: /bəle bəle/ 'slowly- sowly' /bər bər/ 'again again'Morphology
18Case Syncretism Core : Erg-Dat /-ne/Morphology
19Number of GendersTwoNominal Categories
20Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender SystemsSex-based Nominal Categories
21Systems of Gender AssignmentSemantic and formalNominal Categories
22Coding of Nominal PluralityPlural suffix: /–jə, -e, –ɑ̃/Nominal Categories
23Indefinite PronounsGeneric-noun-basedNominal Categories
24Plurality in Independent Personal PronounsPerson-number stemNominal Categories
25Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent PronounsNo inclusive/exclusiveNominal Categories
26Distance Contrasts in DemonstrativesTwo-way contrast: /jo/ /je/ ‘This’ /vo/ ‘That’ Nominal Categories
27Number of Cases8 case categories: 8 case categories: Nom /-Ø/, Acc /-Ø, Erg /-ne/, Dat /-ne, -de, Gen /‘meri’, ‘merə’, ‘əpni’, ‘əpne’ ‘ʊs ki’/, Inst /-nəl, Loc /-mɛ, -pə, -ni, -tʰəʈ/, Abl /-vitʃ,-ro, -de/Nominal Categories
28Position of Case AffixesCase suffixesNominal Categories
29Numeral ClassifiersAbsentNominal Categories
30Perfective/Imperfective AspectGrammatical marking: /-dekʰtə/ 'IMPF' /-ɖeʈʰo/ (PFV) 'see'Verbal Categories
31Past Tense Present, no remoteness distinctionsVerbal Categories
32Future TenseInflectional future exists: /dekʰɑ̃ ɡə/ 'Will see'Verbal Categories
33Position of Tense-Aspect AffixesTense-aspect suffixes: /dekʰə/ Verbal Categories
34The Prohibitive Normal imperative + special negativeVerbal Categories
35Order of Subject, Object and VerbSOV: /mẽː (S) tʃɪɖi-ne (O) dekʰɑ (V) tʰu/ 'I see birds'Word Order
36Order of Subject and VerbSV: /ɖerə (S) dʒɑo (V)/ 'Go home’Word Order
37Order of Object and VerbOV: /kʰɑ ni (O) pʊno (V) 'Remove the grass'Word Order
38Order of Adposition and Noun PhrasePostpositions Word Order
39Order of Genitive and NounGenitive-Noun: /meri-GEN koʈʰjə house-pl 'My houses'Word Order
40Order of Adjective and NounAdjective-Noun: /soɳə (Adj) dʒəɡət/ 'Good boy’Word Order
41Order of Demonstrative and NounDemonstrative-NounWord Order
42Order of Numeral and NounNumeral-NounWord Order
43Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb[Neg-V]: /kɑm niː (NEG) kərənɑ/ ‘Not to work’ Word Order
44Order of Degree Word and AdjectiveDegree word-AdjectiveWord Order
45Predicative AdjectivesNon Verbal encoding: /vo kʊɽi dori (Pred Adj) hɛ/ 'That girl is deaf’Word Order
46Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and VerbSNegOV: /vo nəhiː (NEG) kər səkte/ ‘They cannot do it’Word Order
47Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content QuestionsNot initial interrogative phrase: /terɑ nɑv kijo (NEG) dʒiː/ What is your name?'Word Order
48Alignment of Verbal Person MarkingAccusativeSimple Clauses
49 Negative Morphemes Negative particle: /-ni, -nɑhi, -nə/Simple Clauses
50Passive ConstructionsPresent: /tumɑrɑ koʈ siɖ kijɑ (PASS) kəre/ 'Your coat is being stitched’Simple Clauses

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