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ERAVALLAN

Eravallan (ISO Code - era) is a Southern Dravidian language of the Dravidian language family. It is spoken in Tamil Nadu state in South India.

Source/ Investigator(s): V. Gnanasundaram, N.Vijayan, P. Suresh
 
Sl.No.FeatureValueArea
1Consonant InventoriesSmall (14)Phonology
2Vowel Quality InventoriesAverage (5)Phonology
3Consonant-Vowel RatioAverage (2.8)Phonology
4Voicing in Plosives and FricativesVoicing contrast in plosives alone p, t, k; b, d, gPhonology
5Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systemsnone missing in p, t, k, b, d, gPhonology
6Uvular ConsonantsNonePhonology
7Glottalized ConsonantsNo glottalized consonantsPhonology
8Lateral Consonants/l/, no obstruent lateralsPhonology
9The Velar NasalNo initial velar Phonology
10Vowel NasalizationContrastive nasal vowels absent Phonology
11Front Rounded VowelsnonePhonology
12Syllable StructureComplex syllable structure: (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)(C).Phonology
13ToneNo tonesPhonology
14Absence of Common ConsonantsAll present-bilabials, fricatives, nasalsPhonology
15Presence of Uncommon ConsonantsNonePhonology
16Fusion of Selected Inflectional FormativesExclusively concatenativeMorphology
17Locus of Marking in the ClauseDependent marking Morphology
18Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun PhrasesDependent markingMorphology
19Zero Marking of A and P ArgumentsDependent markingMorphology
20Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional MorphologyStrongly suffixingMorphology
21Case SyncretismStrongly suffixingMorphology
22Number of GendersThree: Masc, Fem, NeutralNominal Categories
23Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender SystemsSex-basedNominal Categories
24Systems of Gender AssignmentSemanticNominal Categories
25Coding of Nominal PluralityPlural suffixNominal Categories
26Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent PronounsNo inclusive/exclusiveNominal Categories
27Distance Contrasts in DemonstrativesTwo way contrast: Remote & Proximate Nominal Categories
28Person Marking on AdpositionsNo person markingNominal Categories
29Number of Cases10Nominal Categories
30Position of Case AffixesCase suffixesNominal Categories
31Number of Possessive NounsnoneNominal Categories
32Numeral ClassifiersAbsentNominal Categories
33Perfective/Imperfective AspectGrammatical markingVerbal Categories
34The PerfectOther perfect: ōṭ-irux-nt > ōṭirunṯ a ‘had run’, raṅk-irux-pp-at > raṅkirupputu ‘would have run’ Verbal Categories
35The Past TensePresent, 2 remoteness distinctions Verbal Categories
36The Future TenseInflectional future existsVerbal Categories
37Position of Tense-Aspect AffixesTense-aspect suffixes, cel -aṭ -an –ā > cellaṭanā ‘do I say’. -at is tense affixVerbal Categories
38Suppletion According to Tense and AspectTense, cel -aṭ -a > I-pre-1sg ‘I say’Verbal Categories
39Order of Subject, Object and VerbSOV, nānu aylu paṯikku pō(n)cēṯi ‘I went to his village’.Word Order
40Order of Subject and VerbSV , nānu rankincēṯi ‘I sleptWord Order
41Order of Object and VerbOVWord Order
42Order of Adposition and Noun PhrasePostpositionsWord Order
43Order of Genitive and NounGenitive-NounWord Order
44Order of Adjective and NounAdjective-NounWord Order
45Order of Demonstrative and NounDemonstrative-NounWord Order
46Order of Numeral and NounNumeral-NounWord Order
47Order of Degree Word and AdjectiveDegree word-AdjectiveWord Order
48Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun PhrasesNominative - accusative (standard)Word Order
49Alignment of Verbal Person MarkingAccusativeWord Order
50Negative MorphemesNegative affixLexicon

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